Space flights

  Space flights:

Space flights began in response to human curiosity to probe the depths of the Earth, the moon, planets, the sun and other stars and galaxies. Manned and unmanned vehicles roam beyond Earth's borders, collecting valuable information about the universe. Man visited the moon and lived in space stations for long periods. Space exploration thus helped us to see what the real relationship between Earth and the rest of the universe was. Space exploration answers how the sun, planets and stars are formed, and whether there is life elsewhere in the universe.

Unmanned vehicles, called space sensors, have increased our knowledge of outer space, planets and stars. In 1959, a space probe passed near the moon, and another hit it. In 1962, an American sensor flew near Venus. In 1974 and 1976, the United States of America launched Two German space sensors into the orbit of mercury, which is close to the sun. In 1976, two American sensors landed on Mars. These sensors studied all planets except Pluto, and explored comets and asteroids.

The first manned moon flight began on December 21, 1968, when the United States launched the Apollo 8 spacecraft, which orbited the moon eight times and returned safely to Earth. On July 20, 1969, U.S. astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin Jr. landed on their Apollo 11 spacecraft on the moon. Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the moon. U.S. astronauts then made five moon landings before completing the Apollo lunar program in 1972.

During the 1970s, astronauts developed different skills to live in space, aboard the Skylab and Saliot space stations. In 1987 and 1988, two Soviet astronauts went on board a spacecraft for 366 consecutive days. On April 12, 1981, the U.S. space shuttle Columbia exploded, the first reusable spacecraft, and the first spacecraft to land at regular airports. On January 28, 1986, there was a terrible tragedy, with the space shuttle Challenger exploding and all seven crew members killed The shuttle was redesigned and resumed in 1988.

In the early years of the space age, success in space became a measure of nations' superiority and leadership in science, engineering and national  def , plunging the United States of America and the former Soviet Union into a frantic cold war rivalry. As a result, the two countries competed to develop their space program In the 1960s and 1970s, the Space Race led the two countries to tremendous exploratory achievements. By the end of the 1970s, the rhythm of this race had diminished when the two countries had worked to achieve independent objectives in space. Space programs are characterized by  Today it has taken its firm and firm steps under international cooperation.

The development of space program has been accompanied by a sharp disagreement over the optimal balance between exploration by manned vehicles or unmanned sensors, with some experts preferring unmanned sensors because they are cheaper and safer and faster than manned vehicles. Sensors, in their view, can make dangerous journeys that human beings may not tolerate. On the other hand, sensors cannot interact with unexpected events. Today, space program planners prefer a balanced strategy that combines unmanned sensors with manned vehicles. Sensors can reach Unknown places in space, or known places where the information to be collected is within what is expected. In some cases, however, people must follow the sensors and use the innocence, flexibility and courage of the human being to explore the mysteries of the universe.