Elements of the solar system

 Elements of the solar system:

The solar system consists of: the star of the sun, in addition to all the celestial bodies orbiting it by the force of gravity, these bodies include: planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets and meteorites, all the objects of the solar system are located in the Milky Way galaxy, and the following is an explanation of these clusters.

The sun:

The sun is counting The central star of the solar system, consisting mainly of hot gas, and characterized by its huge spherical shape, it forms most of the mass of the solar system, with a mass of 1.99×3010 kg, equivalent to 333,000 times the mass of The planet, with a size of 1.44×3330 cm3, 1.3 million times the size of the planet, and although the sun can be seen in the night sky like the rest of the stars, it looks larger,  It is more illuminating and glowing than them, due to the short distance between them and the planet compared to other stars, with an average distance between them and Earth of 1.5×810 km, but this distance changes throughout the year, by up to 1.1. 5% increase, or decrease, it should be noted that the current age of the sun is about 4.5 billion years at least, and its diameter is 1.39 million km, 109 times the diameter of the planet, and 9.75 times the diameter of the planet Jupiter.

Planets:

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defines plant as a celestial object orbiting the Sun, and has a mass large enough to give it a closer shape of the rounder due to the power of its gravity, dividing the planets into two groups, the earth's planets. or so-called rocky, inland, giant planets, or what is known as the outer, as the earth's planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, while giant planets are divided into giant gas planets, and include both 

Jupiter and Saturn, as well as giant ice planets, include Uranus and Neptune.

Dwarf planets:

Dwarf Planet is defined by the International Astronomical Union as celestial bodies orbiting the Sun, but not satellites of other planets, and has sufficient mass to help them resist the forces of attraction of solid objects, maintain equilibrium, thus maintaining their semi-spherical shape, which means that the dwarf planet is very similar to the ordinary planet ,The difference between them, however, is that the dwarf planet does not have control over the surrounding area unlike the normal planet, as the trajectory of the dwarf planet during its rotation around the Sun is full of other objects such as asteroids, while the normal planet's path around the Sun is free of any objects, indicating that dozens of dwarf planets are likely to be present in the solar system, but only a few have been explored so far, and Pluto is one of the most famous dwarf planets.

 Moons:

There are many moons, satellites different in shape, size, and type, as some moons are so large that they are given a form almost rounded by the force of their gravity, while others are so small that they can take the form of asteroids, but it must be noted that the size of these moons has nothing to do with their origin, or the evolution of the object around them, in addition to that the nature of the surfaces of these satellites is usually in solid condition, but a number of A few of them have an atmosphere, Most of the satellites of the planets were formed from the mass of gas, dust that orbited the Sun at the beginning of the life of the solar system, and it should be noted that the inner rocky planets in the solar system do not have satellites, except for the two planets Earth, and Mars, as the planet has one moon in its orbit, while Mars has two small moons, and the giant exoplanets with their glaciers, and gaseous, they have many moons, because they originated at the beginning of the life of the solar system, so they were able to attract Some objects To her by her gravitational field.

Asteroids:

Asteroids are sometimes called small planets, as they are remnants and rock residues that resulted from the start-up of the solar system, nearly 4.6 billion years ago, the vast majority of asteroids known today are located in the so-called asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, or in  planetary orbit, which is called Jupiter's asteroid cluster  In addition, there are other categories of asteroids, including asteroids whose orbits are approaching or may actually pass through Earth's orbit, as well as asteroids orbiting beyond Jupiter's orbit, but not beyond Neptune's orbit.

Comets:

Most comets orbit the Sun in regular motion in  orbits, as their movement is influenced by the forces of sun attraction, and some planets, and the majority of comets originated from a huge cloud made up of ice, dust, and surround the entire solar system, called the Oort Cloud cloud, as the passage of a star near the solar system disrupted the movement of some comets in this cloud, resulting in their entry into the system.

The comet consists mainly of three parts, the first of which is the nucleus, which expresses the body of the comet, a snowball consisting of small pieces of rock found within a mass of ice, and frozen gases. The comet's wolves form the second part of it, a cloud of gases surrounding the nucleus. In some comets, these wolves are surrounded by a cloud of hydrogen gas. In addition, the tail forms the third part of the main parts of the comet. large quantities of carbon-containing compounds, Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen include water, ammonia, methane and carbon monoxide, as well as small amounts of some complex compounds, and comets also contain dust consisting of silica compounds and some minerals.

Meteorites:

Meteoroids are defined as large pieces formed from some comets, asteroids, moons, planets that have been broken, or blown up, and range in size from small to dust granules, as large as asteroids. Small, meteorites are called space rocks, but this name applies only to them when they are in space, and it should be noted that most meteorites consist mainly of rocks, while others are made up of minerals, and may consist of a metal rock mix.