Components of solar system planets

 Components of solar system planets

 

The planets of the solar system are divided into two main parts, each differing in the nature of its constituent materials, and these two sections are: terrestrial planets, or what are known as inland planets, which include: Planet Earth, Mercury, Venus and Mars, where all These planets are mainly rocks, different minerals, exoplanets, or giant gas planets, which include Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and  Oran, with the planets of this group consisting mostly of gaseous elements, as well as water, Here's an intense look at the nature of the components of each of these planets

 Components of inner planets in the solar system

 The inner planets are dense, about four times the density of gaseous Jupiter, and are surrounded by an atmosphere separate from their solid surfaces, consisting mainly of silicate compounds rich in many different elements, such as iron, sodium, magnesium, potassium, oxygen, silicon, etc.

Mercury Components:

Mercury is the second most dense planet after Earth, consisting of a huge nucleus of metal that makes up the largest proportion of its size, with a radius of approximately 2,074 km, equivalent to 85% of the entire planet's radius, with the rest of the planet's size distributed on the surrounding outer crust, which has a density of about 400 km.

Mercury has a surface that is very similar to that of the earth's moon, showing many craters, craters formed as a result of the fall of celestial bodies at an early age from the time of the formation of the solar system, the origin of the planet itself, ranging in length from 100 m to more than 1km, and Mercury has many slopes, some of which reach 3km high.

Mercury's atmosphere consists mainly of a thin exosphere layer, which consists of many atoms of

various elements, such as oxygen, sodium, potassium, helium and hydrogen, which have separated from the planet's surface as a result of solar winds, or meteorites colliding with it.

Venus Ingredients:

Venus' surface is characterized by a very high drought, due to high temperatures in its atmosphere, as well as exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, resulting in evaporation of water believed to have once existed on its surface.

It should be noted that the diversity of terrain on the surface of Venus between the mountainous terrain, which accounts for one third of the surface area spread across six regions, the vast plains of two thirds of which are characterized by the spread of thousands of volcanoes, and the upward transition,  atmosphere is full of ozone, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide, as well as clouds of  acid, as well as small proportions of water, and some other gas elements, such as helium, etc.

Components of the planet;

The planet consists mainly of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, and other elements that make up more than 90% of the planet's mass, and it is worth noting that the chemical, mineral and physical composition between the earth's different layers varies depending on the change of distance from the center.

This is due to different temperatures, pressure and the nature of the material components of each layer. For example, the mineral-rich nucleus of the planet is concentrated in 85-90% of the amount of iron found throughout the planet, while the planet's crust contains a small amount of iron equivalent to less than 0.1% of the total amount of iron that makes up the Earth, but in turn it contains an abundant amount of uranium, which separates the nucleus, and the crust is a layer rich in silicate known as Curtain.

The rocky crust is the hard layer on the planet, consisting mainly of low-density rocks, with a high vulnerability to fusion. The rocky crust is divided into continental and oceanic crusts. While the continental crust consists mostly of granite rocks, stretching 50 km below the continents, the ocean crust consists mostly of basalt rocks and bro rocks.  Gabbro), stretching 5-10km down the oceans,

As for the planet's atmosphere, it is a thin layer consisting of a range of different gases, such as nitrogen, which accounts for 87% of all atmospheric gases, oxygen, of which 21% is, in addition to gases, and other substances.

Components of Mars:

Mars is ranked fourth in terms of distance from the Sun, with a diameter of approximately half the diameter of the Earth, and Mars is known as the Red Planet, because it contains red dust covering its surface, as well as the oxidation of its iron-rich rocks during the period when water was on its surface, and as a result of the condensation of carbon dioxide gas in the planet's atmosphere, areas known as dry ice appeared on its surface.  Dry Ice, Mars has an extended area of dry areas.

Its surface consists mainly of basalt silica rocks, which are very similar to the components of the Earth's oceanic crust, while the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, 100 times thicker than the Earth's atmosphere, consisting mostly of carbon dioxide, as well as a small proportion of oxygen gases, nitrogen, etc.

Exoplanet components in the solar system:

Exoplanets are also known as Jovian planets, which are different from the earth's inner planets in terms of their components, containing small, dense nuclei, surrounded by several layers consisting mainly of hydrogen gas and helium, making them lack surfaces of a solid nature.

Jupiter components:

Jupiter's nucleus is believed to consist mainly of a mixture of iron, nickel, and rock minerals, which are found at temperatures of more than 20,000°C, and Jupiter consists mostly of hydrogen gas and helium, so it does not have a solid surface.

Hydrogen gas forms a transparent atmosphere at the top of the planet, with layers of clouds under it, and when it descends down, the planet's atmosphere becomes warmer and denser, gradually shifting hydrogen into this layer to take liquid rather than invasive state, which extends deep into the planet where the pressure is so enormous.

Components of Saturn:

Hydrogen gas and helium are the main components of Saturn's atmosphere. The planet has an average density of nearly two-thirds of the water density. It consists of several layers above a layer of ammonia clouds, followed by a layer of ammonium hydrogen sulfide clouds. Then the clouds of water come to form the lowest of these layers. The planet's atmosphere, specifically below the clouds, contains a hydrogen element that increases in intensity to become liquid, and Saturn's nucleus consists of rocks, iron and nickel.

Components of Uranus:

Uranus, like other exoplanets, has a gaseous composition consisting mostly of hydrogen gas and helium, as well as small amounts of methane in its atmosphere.

Neptune Components:

Neptune has a composition similar to that of Uranus, where helium gases, hydrogen and methane are the main gases that make up its atmosphere, and the planet in its upper layers contains clouds under which the atmosphere is thick, and high temperature ,The planet also includes a lower layer of liquid hydrogen that may harden into metal in the upper core area, which in turn is the largest nucleus of all other gaseous planets, due to the high density of Neptune compared to those planets, the nucleus of Neptune consists of a metal mixture of iron, nickel, as well as rocks.